Names for the earth: jörð, fold, grund, hauðr, land, láð, Hlöðyn, frón, Fjörgyn — attested with nine verse examples (Þjóðólfr, Óttarr, Hallfreðr, Einarr, Úlfr Uggason and others).
Hver eru jarðarheiti? Hon heitir jörð, sem Þjóðólfr kvað:
What are the names for earth? It is called jörð, as Þjóðólfr spoke:
Fold, sem Óttarr kvað:
Fold, as Óttarr spoke:
Grund, sem Hallfreðr kvað:
Grund [ground], as Hallfreðr spoke:
Hauðr, sem Einarr kvað:
Hauðr [land], as Einarr spoke:
Land, sem Þórðr Kolbeinsson kvað:
Land, as Þórðr Kolbeinsson spoke:
Láð, sem Óttarr kvað:
Láð [land], as Óttarr spoke:
Hlöðyn, sem kvað Völu-Steinn:
Hlöðyn, as Völu-Steinn spoke:
Frón, sem kvað Úlfr Uggason:
Frón, as Úlfr Uggason spoke:
Fjörgyn, sem hér er kveðit:
Fjörgyn, as here composed:
Skaldic quotations
Þjóðólfr (jord = jörð)
Jarl lætr odda skúrar oft herðir gör verða hrings, áðr hann of þryngvi, hörð él, und sik jörðu.
The jarl, hardener of the shower of points [battle — the warrior], often makes hard storms come to pass before he thrusts the earth [land] under himself.
Óttarr svarti (jord = fold)
Fold verr folk-Baldr, fár má konungr svá, örnu reifir Óleifr, er framr Svía gramr.
The folk-Baldr [prince] defends the land (fold); few kings can so; Óláfr gladdens the eagles, the foremost prince of the Swedes.
Hallfreðr (jord = grund)
Grund liggr und bör bundin breið holmfjöturs leiðar, heinlands hoddum grandar Höðr, eitrsvélum naðri.
The broad ground (grund) lies bound under the tree [the man]; the Höðr of the sword [warrior] destroys hoards with the venom-cold serpent [the sword].
Einarr (jord = hauðr)
Verja hauðr með hjörvi hart döglinga bjartra hjalmr springr oft fyr olmri egghríð, framir seggir.
The foremost men, the bright princes, defend the land (hauðr) hard with the sword; the helm often bursts before the fierce edge-storm [battle].
Þórðr Kolbeinsson (jord = land)
En eft víg frá Veigu, vant er orð at styr, norðan land eða lengra stundu lagðisk suðr til Agða.
And after the battle by Veiga from the north — a word is hard to make in the tumult — he laid the land, or longer for a time, south to Agðir.
Óttarr svarti (jord = láð)
Heltu, þar er hrafn né svalta, hvatráðr ertu, láði ógnar stafr, fyr jöfrum, ýgr, tveimr, við kyn beima.
You held the land (láð) against two princes, where the raven did not starve; you are bold in counsel, fierce staff of terror, against the kin of men.
Völu-Steinn (jord = Hlöðyn)
Man ek þat, er jörð við orða endr myrk Danar sendi grænnar gröfnum munni gein Hlöðynjar beina.
I remember when the dark earth once sent ... the green Hlöðyn [earth] gaped with graven mouth at the words of bones ...
Úlfr Uggason, Húsdrápa (jord = frón)
En stirðþinull starði storðar leggs fyr borði fróns á folka reyni fránleitr ok blés eitri.
But the stiff head-band [the serpent], gleaming-eyed, stared over the gunwale at the tester of hosts [Þórr] of the land's (frón's) bone [rock] and blew venom.
Anonym (jord = Fjörgyn)
Örgildi var ek, Eldis, áls Fjörgynjar, mála, dyggr, sé heiðr ok hreggi, hrynbeðs, áar steðja.
I was a worthy, faithful man ... of Fjörgyn [the earth] ... let there be honour ...