Names for the wolf (vargr, úlfr, geri, freki, vitnir, ylgr, gylðir), the bear (sixteen names) and the hart (including Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr, Duraþrór — the four harts of Yggdrasill). Seven verse examples for the wolf; bear and hart as plain lists.
Vargr heitir dýr. Þat er rétt at kenna við blóð eða hræ, svá at kalla verð hans eða drykk. Eigi er rétt at kenna svá við fleiri dýr. Vargr heitir ok úlfr, sem Þjóðólfr kvað:
A wolf is called a beast (dýr). It is right to periphrase it by blood or carrion, so as to call [these] its food or drink. It is not right to periphrase it thus by other beasts. A wolf is also called úlfr, as Þjóðólfr spoke:
Hér er hann ok geri kallaðr. Freki, sem Egill kvað:
Here it is also called geri. Freki, as Egill spoke:
Vitnir, sem Einarr kvað:
Vitnir, as Einarr spoke:
Ylgr, sem Arnórr kvað:
Ylgr [she-wolf], as Arnórr spoke:
Vargr, sem Illugi kvað:
Vargr, as Illugi spoke:
Þetta er enn vargs heiti, sem Hallr kvað:
This is again a name for wolf, as Hallr spoke:
Ok enn sem Þórðr kvað:
And again as Þórðr spoke:
Björn heitir fetvíðnir, húnn, vetrliði, bersi, fress, íugtanni, ifjungr, glúmr, jölfuðr, vilskarpr, bera, jórekr, riti, frekr, blómr, ysjungr.
A bear is called fetvíðnir, húnn, vetrliði, bersi, fress, íugtanni, ifjungr, glúmr, jölfuðr, vilskarpr, bera [she-bear], jórekr, riti, frekr, blómr, ysjungr.
Hjörtr heitir mótroðnir, dalarr, dalr, Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr, Duraþrór.
A hart is called mótroðnir, dalarr, dalr, Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr, Duraþrór.
Skaldic quotations
Þjóðólfr (ulv = úlfr/geri)
Gera var gisting byrjuð gnóg, en ulf ór skógi sonr á sár at spenja Sigorðar kom norðan.
Ample lodging was prepared for Geri [the wolf], and the son of Sigurðr came from the north to lure the wolf out of the forest to a wound.
Egill Skalla-Grímsson (ulv = freki)
Þá er oddbreki, sleit und freki, gnúði hrafni á höfuðstafni.
When the point-breaker [the sword] ... the wolf (freki) tore the wound; [blood] roared on the raven, on the prow-stem.
Einarr (ulv = vitnir)
Elfr varð unda gjalfri eitrköld roðin heitu. Vitnis fell með vatni varmt ölðr í men Karmtar.
The venom-cold river [of wounds — blood] was reddened warm; the wolf's (vitnir's) warm ale [blood] fell with the water into the necklace of Karmt.
Arnórr (ulv = ylgr, ulvinna)
Svalg áttbogi ylgjar ógóðr, en varð blóði græðir grænn at rauðum, grandauknum ná, blandinn.
The evil kin of the she-wolf (ylgr) swallowed the harm-increased corpse, and the green sea became mingled with red blood.
Illugi (ulv = vargr)
Vargs var munr þat, er margan, menskerðir stakk sverði myrkaurriða markar, minn dróttinn rak flótta.
It was the wolf's (vargr's) joy when my lord, the necklace-diminisher [generous man], stabbed many a dark-trout of the forest with the sword and drove the fleeing host.
Hallr (ulv = heiðingi/gylðir)
Heiðingja sleit hungri, hárr gylðir naut sára, granar rauð gramr á fenri, gekk ulfr í ben drekka.
The prince cut the heath-dweller's [wolf's] hunger; the grey wolf (gylðir) profited from wounds; the prince reddened its whiskers on Fenrir [the wolf]; the wolf went to drink in the wound.
Þórðr (ulv = freki/gylðir)
Óð, en ærnu náði íms sveit freka hveiti, gera ölðra naut gylðir, Gjalpar stóð í blóði.
The wolf (freki) waded and got ample wheat of the dark one's troop [carrion]; the grey wolf (gylðir) enjoyed the ale of Geri [blood]; it stood in Gjalp's blood.